Analysis of Wastewater Quality in a Cow’s Milk Processing Industryat CV PQR

Abstract

CV PQR is a dairy processing company that produces pasteurized milk and yogurt. Daily production activities generate both solid and liquid waste. Therefore, an evaluation of the wastewater treatment process is required, along with testing of wastewater quality parameters to assess compliance with environmental quality standards. The wastewater treatment process was directly observed and consists of several stages, including initial holding, bacterial incubation, equalization, aeration I and II, flotation, sedimentation, mediation, koi fish bioassay testing, and sludge recirculation. Data collection was conducted during an internship period from 24 February to 24 March 2025. Laboratory analyses were performed for several parameters, namely total suspended solids (TSS), pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), oil and grease, ammonia, and total coliform. The results indicate that most wastewater quality parameters complied with the applicable discharge standards stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014, including TSS, pH, BOD, oil and grease, and ammonia. However, non-compliance was observed for COD in July and August, as well as for total coliform in most months, except in October. These findings suggest that although the wastewater treatment system has been generally well implemented, further improvements and stricter monitoring are required, particularly in controlling pathogenic microorganisms. Overall, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at CV PQR has been functioning relatively effectively; however, periodic evaluations remain necessary to ensure that the effluent does not cause environmental pollution.